RainWater storage is very important as a sustainable and practical solution for managing Water resources, especially in places with dry and semi-arid conditions such as Iran. This method has been considered as a strategic solution in response to environmental challenges and agricultural and drinking needs. There are various structures for collecting and storing rainWater, the most important of which is the reservoir in Hormozgan. The possibility of using the rainWater stored in this pond to irrigate urban greenery has been the focus and goal of this research. For this purpose, Bibi pond in Qeshm Island was chosen. For this purpose, the volume of Water stored in this pond was calculated. Next, other parks and green spaces around the pond were investigated and their area and details were estimated. The results showed that there are 73 trees and shrubs and about 3400 m2 of green space (grass) in this park and its surrounding area. Estimates showed that the main reservoir of the covered pond and the open side pond are able to store about 400 and 1000 m3 of Water, respectively, and this volume of Water can supply the Water needed for irrigating the green space of the park and the adjacent area in the major part of the year or at least in the stressful time (warm season). This issue will show the unique capacity of such structures for non-drinking purposes in urban environments and therefore should be considered in the planning and management of urban runoff.

In this study, a comprehensive mathematical model is developed to study the Water evaporation process and brine concentration in a solar pond to recover the valuable salts in Bandar Imam Petrochemical Company. In this model, the energy source is just solar irradiation. The solar irradiation depends on the geographic characteristics of the location. The present model accounts for heat losses from (the surface of) the pond such as convection, conduction, radiation, and evaporation losses. Also, the wind effect and the variation of the brine physical properties with salinity are considered in the model. The mathematical results are also compared with experimental data. The results show that there are good agreement between the mathematical predictions and experimental data and the developed model can predict the variation of concentration and salt recovery accurately. Finally, by considering all important parameters, the developed model was applied to determine the optimum size of solar evaporation pond based on the concentration and initial volume of brine.

In this research some Water quality parameters in fish pond includes pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Turbidity (Turb) were determined by standard methods and predicted by image processing using smart phone and artificial neural network. All experiments carried out in Kappur ponds in Sonqor city, Kermanshah province. Samples collected from three different depths. The 12 parameters consisted of 6 color features (red, green, blue, black, gray and white), and 6 tissue features (mean, standard deviation, softness, third torque, uniformity and entropy) were extracted from image samples and were selected as inputs to the neural network model. Based on the results, network with structure of 12-15-4 (12 neurons in the input layer, 15 neurons in the hidden layer and 4 neurons in the output layer) was the best model for predicting the parameters with R2 of 0. 913, 0. 993, 0. 994 and 0. 958 for pH, TDS, EC and Turb, respectively. These values for RMSE were 0. 054, 1. 835, 3. 766 and 0. 262, respectively.

Seven species of fish (Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, Labeo rohita, Mori-Rahu Hybrid and Thalla-Rahu Hybrid) were collected from a brackish Water pond near Muzaffargarh, Pakistan for the comparison of body composition. All the seven species were found relatively well adapted to the saline environment though some of them showed significant differences in body composition. Results obtained did not show any adverse effect of salinity on these fish species. The mean values of body constituents, except for protein content (dry and wet body weight) differed significantly (P<0.05) among various fish species. Minimum amount of Water content and maximum amount of lipids, organic content and condition factor were observed in Cyprinus carpio indicating that Cyprinus carpio show overall better growth in brackish Water as compared to other species. Cyprinus carpio may be recommended for culturing in such Water bodies and farmers may be encouraged to farm this species on mass scale.

Analytical methods of chloramphenicol in the aquaculture environment have been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The contents of chloramphenicol were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography for sediment and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for fish and Water collected from a freshWater aquaculture pond in China. Chloramphenicol in the Water and sediment were 112.3 ng/L and 0.1957 mg/kg, respectively. The chloramphenicol residues in 3 kinds of fish, including carp, chub and grass carp were different. Only the muscle and head of grass carp were under the minimum required performance limit (0.3 mg/kg) and were safe to eat. The chloramphenicol in other tissues of grass carp, carp and chub exceeded the minimum required performance limit. The highest content of chloramphenicol was in the branchia of carp and the lowest was in the head of grass carp. The results showed the chloramphenicol in the aquaculture environment was serious, although the government of China had banned the use of chloramphenicol in aquaculture a few years ago.

Introduction: Tailing dams are responsible for collecting tailings from mining operations. Tailing dams are built to conserve Water for use in mining and protecting the environment. These structures are often constructed using the tailing. This issue, along with factors such as the relatively long construction period and inadequate design and supervision, has resulted in a high number of tailings dam failures. Tailing dam accidents have occurred frequently in recent years. The current rate of failure of large tailings dams is about 2 to 5 cases a year. In the recent failure tailing dam on 2022, Nov. 7, the tailings escaped through an approx. 150 m wide breach of the eastern wall of the impoundment, which caused the release of 12.8 million m3 of Water and tailings (World Information Service on Energy 2022. Tailings Dam Safety. https://www.wise-uranium.org/mdaf.html). Some tailings dams have a Water pond near the dam crest and the Water and tailings liquefy or not contribute to the tailing dam breach. Other tailings dams have no Water pond or the pond is far from dam's crest. Water has no or less contribution to the tailings dam failure and the runout of tailings liquefy or not is significant. (Small et al. (2017)). Methodology: This research explores a local failure dam near the tailings dam abutment with a Water pond in the large-scale experimental setup that consists of a tailings pond by 505 cm(length), 310 cm (width) and 64 cm (height). The uniformity and curvature coefficient of tailings are 2.21 and 1.44 and the tailings are not liquefaction. The longitudinal slope of bed is 2%. A gate with a width of 20 cm as a local dam breach is applied near the left abutment of the dam. An ultrasonic equipment measured the time series of Water surface elevation. The experimental tests were carried out at different Water surface elevations and repeated three times to ensure the validity of the results. The bed topography is measured by the Kinect before and after the dam breach. These bed elevations were performed to calculate the volume of the eroded tailings by using Civil3D 2019 software. Moreover, some videos are provided to recognize the flow pattern and bed erosion.Results and Discussion In all experiments, after the local failure of the tailing dam, a pit is created inside the tailings dam pond near the breach. At the beginning of the experiment, the scour pit created has no effect on the Water surface elevation. After that, the pit effect is recognized on it. Then, there is Water at the end of the pond just near the dam body. At the end, there is a small Water height inside the pit and a hydraulic jump occurs in the scour hole. The grooves are created on the bed and the eroded sediments do not have any ability to move towards the dam breach downstream.The bed erosion pattern and sediment transfer rate were surveyed in Water level variations of the tailings dam reservoir during a local failure near the abutment. The largest scour height has occurred near the local failure. Due to the complex nature of the sediment, the topography bed images of the same experiments are different in detail.Conclusion Water and sediment are quickly released from the local tailing dam breach and a scour hole forms in the bed near the local failure. In all experiments, the ratio of the volume of eroded sediment near the local failure to the Water volume of the dam pond is about one percent. The variation of the Water surface elevation with time is about 0.45. It was observed that the length of the scour hole in the dam body direction is more than the direction perpendicular to the dam body. The ratio of the length to the width of the scour hole is 3 to 3.3, approximately.

In this study, in order to assess qualitatively the status fish ponds, three fish ponds in northern Iran were investigated. Water and fish samples were collected in the mid-June, August and October, 2014. Some parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, transparency (SD), nitrate and phosphate) were measured on the sites while the others (Chlorophyll-a, Fe, Zn, total weight, total length, K and phytoplankton identification) were estimated at the laboratory using standard methods and procedures. The principal component analysis (PCA) and One-Way ANOVA were conducted to statistical analysis. The result showed that, during the study period, in the three fish ponds, the phytoplankton population was dominated by Bacillariophyceae (25%) followed by Chlorophyceae (23%) and Cyanophyceae (22%). Among Cyanophyceae, Chroococcus (35%) and Merismopedia (25%) were dominant. The results obtained from PCA indicated, the first three axes explain more than of 80 % of the total variance. The first axes (PC1) include EC, Chl-a, pH and SD. Also, significant differences were observed in temperature, DO, No3, Chl-a concentration, total weight and total length over the period of three months (p<0.05). The observations in this study suggest that based on the determined desirable limits for Water quality in fish ponds, and based on obtained results from the fish biometry and K, generally, studied ponds are suitable for fish farming and can supply optimum and healthy production.

Extended Abstract   Introduction: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world due to their abundance of vitamins, lycopene, iron, calcium, manganese, magnesium, and potassium. Khuzestan, with a production of over 21,000 tons of tomatoes in 90 hectares of greenhouses, ranks fourth in the country after the provinces of Bushehr, Isfahan, East Azerbaijan, and Sistan and Baluchestan (the total area under tomato greenhouse cultivation in Iran is over 2400 hectares). Due to the trend of drought in Iran, providing the required Water for this level of cultivation will be one of the main challenges and concerns of farmers in the future. Therefore, the necessity of attention to Water supply for this level of tomato greenhouses, considering the dry and semi-dry nature of the country, seems to be crucial. One of the biggest recent challenges in Iran is the limitation of Water resources, which has reduced access to Water for both human and agricultural uses due to low levels of rainfall, poor distribution, high evaporation and transpiration rates, and the phenomenon of drought. To overcome the Water shortage, the use of aquaculture wasteWater or its combination with agricultural Water can be a solution due to lower Water and chemical fertilizer consumption, as well as prevention of the release of nutrient-rich Water sources into rivers. This can be one of the helpful management strategies in solving the Water shortage problem in dry and semi-dry regions for agricultural production. Materials and Methods: To investigate the effect of using fish pond wasteWater on the morphological and growth characteristics of three greenhouse tomato cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during the autumn and winter of 2021-2022. Tomato seedlings were first produced under LED light in a room and transferred to 9-liter pots with a row spacing of 90 cm and a plant spacing of 30 cm at the 3-4 leaf stage. The planting media used in this experiment was sand which was washed several times with purified Water before use. The treatments in this experiment consisted of three types of nutrient solutions (Resh nutrient solution, fish pond Water, and modified fish pond Water) and three promising greenhouse tomato cultivars (V4, AZ4 and AZ5). In order to modify the fish pond Water, 50 liters of tap Water were mixed with 50 liters of fish pond Water. The fractional amounts of elements in the growth nutrient solution were adjusted to standard concentrations of elements in the hydroponic culture using common fertilizers. During the growth period and at the end of the experiment, the growth, morphological, and growth characteristics of the tomato plants were measured and examined until the fifth cluster harvest. Results and Discussion: The results of this experiment showed that the Resh nutrient solution and modified fish pond Water had the highest plant height, leaf number, and stem diameter compared to fish pond Water alone. The results of the interaction between nutrient solution and tomato cultivars indicated that the longest distance from the planting medium to the first inflorescence was observed in the AZ5 cultivar with fish pond Water, and the shortest distance was observed in the V4 cultivar with modified fish pond Water. It seems that the increased uptake of nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in the growth nutrient solution and modified fish pond Water treatments led to an increase in plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, and node number, while the insufficient availability of these nutrients in fish pond Water treatment resulted in a decrease in growth indices. Based on the results, it was found that fish pond Water had the longest days to the formation of the third fruit cluster (82 days), and modified fish pond Water and Resh nutrient solution had the shortest days to the formation of the third fruit cluster (74 days). Furthermore, the Resh nutrient solution and modified fish pond Water had the highest total fruit weight (480.84 and 456.00 g, respectively) and fruit diameter (6.25 and 5.99 cm, respectively) in the second cluster. Fish pond Water had the lowest total fruit weight (247.89g) and fruit diameter (5.33 cm) in the second cluster. The results showed that the V4 cultivar had the highest total fruit weight in the second cluster with a mean of 425 g. The AZ4 and AZ5 cultivars had the lowest total fruit weight with 380 and 375 g, respectively. According to the comparison of means, the modified fish pond Water and Resh nutrient solution treatments had the highest total fruit weight (477.93 and 456.49 g, respectively), fruit volume (107.47 and 98.15 cubic cm3, respectively), fruit length (5.66 and 5.11 cm, respectively), and fruit diameter (6.38 and 6.19 cm, respectively) in the third cluster. Fish pond Water had the lowest total fruit weight (257.18 g), fruit volume (78.24 cm3), fruit length (4.84 cm), and fruit diameter (5.69 cm) in the third cluster. Previous studies have shown that increasing the concentration of nutrients in fish pond Water, including magnesium, calcium, potassium, and even nitrogen, leads to increased fruit production and yield in mature plants under the influence of fish pond Water salts. Therefore, the use of fish pond Water and the modification of its nutrients with conventional fertilizers not only reduce the consumption of fertilizers and Water in the agricultural sector, but can also play an effective role in reducing environmental risks and improving the level of sustainable agriculture. Conclusion: The results of this experiment showed that modifying fish pond Water probably improves the growth and yield indices of tomato fruit, possibly due to the adequate supply of required nutrients to the plant, similar to the standard Resh nutrient solution. The results showed that using modified fish pond Water not only did not reduce the yield but also could increase the crop yield compared to fish pond Water treatment. Additionally, the V4 cultivar had a more desirable performance in terms of yield and growth indices compared to other cultivars studied. Therefore, based on the results of this study, the promising V4 line is recommended for greenhouse cultivation using modified fish pond Water.